tag:open.umn.edu,2005:/opentextbooks/subjects/engineeringOpen Textbook Library - Engineering & Technology Textbooks2024-03-14T04:38:25Zhttps://open.umn.edu/assets/common/favicon/favicon-1594c2156c95ca22b1a0d803d547e5892bb0e351f682be842d64927ecda092e7.icohttps://open.umn.edu/assets/library/otl_logo-f9161d5c999f5852b38260727d49b4e7d7142fc707ec9596a5256a778f957ffc.png16182024-03-14T04:49:18Z2024-03-18T16:57:08ZCounter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Technologies and Operations<img alt="Read more about Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Technologies and Operations" title="Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Technologies and Operations cover image" class="cover " width="350" height="453" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTEzMTUsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--a8a6a08c8c6a813c626ad819e9d2d1156637639f/Cover_Counter-Unmanned-Aircraft-Systems-Technologies-and-Operations2-350x453.jpg" />As the quarter-century mark in the 21st Century nears, new aviation-related equipment has come to the forefront, both to help us and to haunt us. (Coutu, 2020). This is particularly the case with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These vehicles have grown in popularity and accessible to everyone. Of different shapes and sizes, they are widely available for purchase at relatively low prices. They have moved from the backyard recreation status to important tools for the military, intelligence agencies, and corporate organizations. New practical applications such as military equipment and weaponry are announced on a regular basis – globally. (Coutu, 2020). Every country seems to be announcing steps forward in this bludgeoning field.16172024-03-14T04:37:00Z2024-03-18T16:57:08ZCyber-Human Systems, Space Technologies, and Threats<img alt="Read more about Cyber-Human Systems, Space Technologies, and Threats" title="Cyber-Human Systems, Space Technologies, and Threats cover image" class="cover " width="350" height="438" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTEzMTIsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--152e94dc971a7dc0d1458003ee5c08ab708fd6e7/Book_8_Cover_JIC-18-authors-07252023-350x438.jpg" />CYBER-HUMAN SYSTEMS, SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, AND THREATS is our eighth textbook in a series covering the world of UASs / CUAS / UUVs / SPACE. We address the technological future of the merging of cyber-human systems (robots, cyborgs, AI/ML, computers) with humans and apply these innovations to space operations and defense against threats that are concomitant with their development. We look at artificial brains, legality of CHS sensors, AI /ML and Ag and food industry; Neurostrike and CHATGPT, biological threats and growth in space, space EW, modeling, deep space warfare, logistics and dominance; hypersonic missiles, cyber threats in space, machine parts, materials technologies, and economies of scale, quantum technologies impact and finally, innovative wireless power transfer for space applications. State-of-the-Art research by a team of eighteen SMEs is incorporated into our book. We trust you will enjoy reading it as much as we have in its writing. There is hope for the future. There is also caution needed.16162024-03-14T04:26:33Z2024-03-18T16:57:08ZSpace Systems: Emerging Technologies and Operations<img alt="Read more about Space Systems: Emerging Technologies and Operations" title="Space Systems: Emerging Technologies and Operations cover image" class="cover " width="350" height="467" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTEzMDksInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--5103b965f70b3c56be7db70d129bef71ede7dd46/Book7-Cover-1.jpg-900-x-1200-aspect-ratio-of-x75-Rev-4A-06232022-1-350x467.jpg" />SPACE SYSTEMS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND OPERATIONS (SSETO) is our seventh textbook in a series covering the world of UASs / CUAS / UUVs. SSETO takes on a new purview of SPACE. UASs (Drones) have a maximum altitude of about 33,000 ft (10 km) because rotating rotors become physically limiting. (Nichols R. et al., 2019) Between 400 ft and 33,000 ft is in the purview of DREAMERS. In the DREAMERS region, Space has its most interesting technological emergence. We see emerging technologies and operations that may have profound effects on humanity. This is the mission our book addresses. We look at the Dreamer region from three perspectives: 1) a Military view where intelligence, jamming, spoofing, advanced materials, and hypersonics are in play; 2) the Operational Dreamer Region; which includes Space-based platform vulnerabilities, trash, disaster recovery management, A.I., manufacturing, and extended reality; and 3) the Humanitarian Use of Space technologies; which includes precision agriculture wildlife tracking, fire risk zone identification, and improving the global food supply and cattle management. State-of-the-Art research by a team of fifteen SMEs is incorporated into our book. We trust you will enjoy reading it as much as we have in its writing. There is hope for the future.16152024-03-14T04:09:48Z2024-03-18T16:57:08ZUnmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea, Land<img alt="Read more about Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea, Land" title="Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea, Land cover image" class="cover " width="413" height="532" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTEzMDYsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--53e97223af375762346152ee828843edf489c48a/unman.jpg" />This is our fourth textbook in a series previously covering the world of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (CUAS). The authors have expanded our purview beyond UAS / CUAS systems. Our title shows our concern for growth and unique operations for all unmanned vehicles in all theaters: Air, Sea and Land.16112024-03-04T01:21:44Z2024-03-04T01:21:44ZFracture Mechanics: An Engineering Primer - 2nd Edition<img alt="Read more about Fracture Mechanics: An Engineering Primer - 2nd Edition" title="Fracture Mechanics: An Engineering Primer - 2nd Edition cover image" class="cover " width="300" height="423" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTEyMzgsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--09bfd269202bc658189708ed893c5d77ced54372/submission_86_103_coverImage_en_US_t.png" />In this second edition, which is the result of numerous revisions, updates and additions, the authors cover the basic concepts of fracture mechanics for both the linear elastic and elastic-plastic regimes. The fracture mechanics parameters K, G, J and CTOD are treated in a basic manner along with the test methods to determine critical values. The development of failure assessment based on elastic-plastic fracture mechanics is reflected in a comprehensive treatment. Three chapters are devoted to the fracture mechanics characterisation of crack growth. Fatigue crack growth is extensively treated and attention is paid to the important topic of the initiation and growth of short fatigue cracks. Furthermore, sustained load fracture and dynamic crack growth are discussed, including various test techniques, e.g. the determination of the crack arrest toughness. Finally, there are two chapters dealing with mechanisms of fracture and the ways in which actual material behaviour influences the fracture mechanics characterisation of crack growth. This textbook is intended primarily for engineering students. It will be useful to practising engineers as well, since it provides the background to several test and design methods and to criteria for material selection.16032024-03-03T23:37:32Z2024-03-03T23:37:32ZEngineering Systems, Dynamics, Modelling, Simulation, and Design<img alt="Read more about Engineering Systems, Dynamics, Modelling, Simulation, and Design" title="Engineering Systems, Dynamics, Modelling, Simulation, and Design cover image" class="cover " width="333" height="500" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTEyMTQsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--49b6df9fd4ac9ddbe4bcaf2d2529f2f722f0d21a/small_cover_textbook_111_1bd4f0bb68.png" />This open educational resource presents effective system modelling methods, including Lagrangian and bond graph, and the application of a relevant engineering software tool, 20-sim. The content is designed for engineering students and professionals in the field to support their understanding and application of these methods for modelling, simulation, and design of engineering systems. The text also includes videos showing selected worked-out examples.15962024-03-03T22:23:54Z2024-03-03T22:23:54ZInterior Materiality<img alt="Read more about Interior Materiality" title="Interior Materiality cover image" class="cover " width="689" height="704" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTExOTMsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--b4de511074d960d3dc6dbe9210bd883294783270/interior.jpg" />The knowledge of materials and finishes is the bridge that links conceptual design to real-world application. It is among the core content of virtually all interior architecture/design curricula, moreover, access to up-to-date information on emerging technologies and trends is a key exigency for the contemporary designer. Accordingly, this book is authored to form a comprehensive resource for the “hows” and “whys” surrounding the functional and aesthetic contributions of a wide selection of materials and finishes used in multiple spatial design contexts. The knowledge base presented here is not only useful in shaping spatial experience, ensuring occupant well-being, and employing sustainable thinking but also beneficial in managing budget and schedule while enabling the delivery of top-quality work. The book investigates fundamental material properties, performance criteria, as well as sector-specific standards, regulations, and guidelines, with a special focus on concerns surrounding occupant health and safety as well as environmental impact and sustainability concerns. Furthermore, fabrication, installation, and maintenance issues were explored in detail. Various information collection and organization conventions are also discussed with regard to detailing, specification, estimation, and documentation of materials and finishes.15662024-01-14T04:59:27Z2024-01-14T04:59:27ZÁcido oxálico, alternativa orgánica para el control de varroasis (Varroa destructor) en abejas (Apis mellifera)<img alt="Read more about Ácido oxálico, alternativa orgánica para el control de varroasis (Varroa destructor) en abejas (Apis mellifera)" title="Ácido oxálico, alternativa orgánica para el control de varroasis (Varroa destructor) en abejas (Apis mellifera) cover image" class="cover " width="1129" height="1600" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTA2NDksInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--f250f828983bd7c4dbb98a61df24ded70a87153e/submission_63_63_coverImage_es_ES.jpg" />El documento titulado "Ácido oxálico alternativa orgánica para el control de varroasis (Varroa destructor) en abejas (Apis mellifera)" expone la relevancia de la apicultura en Latinoamérica, particularmente en Ecuador, destacando su contribución económica a través de productos como miel, cera, polen, propóleo y Apitoxina. La investigación se enfoca en el ácaro Varroa destructor, un parásito perjudicial para las abejas, que afecta tanto a las crías como a las adultas, debilitando y potencialmente llevando a la muerte a las colmenas. El estudio resalta la importancia del uso de productos orgánicos para el control de la Varroasis, siendo el ácido oxálico uno de los más efectivos. Este compuesto, presente de manera natural en ciertas plantas y en la miel, se ha demostrado altamente eficaz en el control de la Varroa, especialmente en periodos sin cría, logrando una eficacia superior al 90%. La metodología del estudio incluyó investigación bibliográfica y de campo, realizada en el recinto Aguas Frías en la provincia de Los Ríos, Cantón Mocache, durante noviembre y diciembre de 2018. Se emplearon métodos analíticos y deductivos para estudiar la presencia del ácaro Varroa destructor en colmenas de abejas Apis mellifera, utilizando fuentes primarias y secundarias. El experimento implicó el manejo de 20 colmenas, evaluando cinco tratamientos diferentes en cuatro repeticiones, con aplicaciones de ácido oxálico y amitraz para determinar la población de ácaros y el estado de las colmenas a lo largo de cinco semanas.15652024-01-14T04:54:38Z2024-01-14T04:54:38ZDinámica poblacional de Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis y Dalbulus maidis en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) durante la época seca en cinco localidades del cantón Mocache<img alt="Read more about Dinámica poblacional de Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis y Dalbulus maidis en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) durante la época seca en cinco localidades del cantón Mocache" title="Dinámica poblacional de Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis y Dalbulus maidis en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) durante la época seca en cinco localidades del cantón Mocache cover image" class="cover " width="1129" height="1600" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTA2NDgsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--1a678b6efad7f61a2d4151b265e70cb720e8a1a1/submission_62_62_coverImage_es_ES.jpg" />El manuscrito titulado " Dinámica poblacional de Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis y Dalbulus maidis en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) durante la época seca en cinco localidades del cantón Mocache" aborda un estudio en el cultivo de maíz, el cual es afectado por estas plagas, siendo un factor limitante en la producción. Se destacan las consecuencias del uso excesivo de insecticidas, tales como la resistencia de las plagas y la contaminación ambiental, y se propone el manejo integrado de plagas (MIP) como alternativa sostenible. El estudio incluye la utilización de trampas para el monitoreo y control de plagas, una herramienta clave para la toma de decisiones en el manejo del cultivo. La metodología empleada en la investigación comprende la localización de la investigación en cinco localidades, el uso de métodos descriptivos y correlacionales, y el análisis de variables como datos climáticos, porcentaje de infestación, número de especímenes capturados por trampa, presencia de insectos benéficos, y correlaciones entre estas variables.Los resultados obtenidos revelan la infestación de Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis y Dalbulus maidis en las localidades estudiadas, la fluctuación poblacional de estas plagas y su relación con factores climáticos, y la eficiencia de las trampas de luz y trampas adhesivas para capturar adultos de estas especies. Además, se reporta la presencia de insectos benéficos en el área de estudio. En la discusión se analiza el impacto de estos hallazgos en el contexto del manejo de plagas en cultivos de maíz. Finalmente, las conclusiones y recomendaciones se centran en estrategias para mejorar el control de plagas y la sostenibilidad de la producción de maíz en las áreas afectadas por estas plagas.15642024-01-14T04:47:59Z2024-01-14T04:47:59ZAlgoritmo de inteligencia artificial para la detección de cultivos de cacao (Teobroma cacao L.), banano (Musa paradisiaca L.) y palma africana (Elaeis guineensis J.).<img alt="Read more about Algoritmo de inteligencia artificial para la detección de cultivos de cacao (Teobroma cacao L.), banano (Musa paradisiaca L.) y palma africana (Elaeis guineensis J.)." title="Algoritmo de inteligencia artificial para la detección de cultivos de cacao (Teobroma cacao L.), banano (Musa paradisiaca L.) y palma africana (Elaeis guineensis J.). cover image" class="cover " width="1130" height="1600" data-controller="cover" data-placeholder="/assets/common/placeholder-0e0607cbc50663ddb9e8fd188058bcd2630c730ef6ee322801278607b7d5af8e.png" src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTA2NDUsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--96c88c9478630c7462267bbc76a780b4b6eab39e/submission_61_61_coverImage_es_ES.jpg" />Se analiza la expansión e intensificación de la agricultura no regulada e insostenible, principalmente en América Latina, enfocándose en Ecuador, donde la degradación del suelo está estrechamente relacionada con prácticas agrícolas insostenibles. Destaca la importancia de una planificación territorial exhaustiva y el uso de teledetección para evaluar cambios en el uso del suelo y la cobertura vegetal. La investigación se centra en la zona norte de las provincias del Guayas y de Los Ríos en Ecuador, enfocándose en el procesamiento de imágenes satelitales para detectar cultivos de banano, cacao y palma. Utiliza una metodología experimental y cuantitativa para comparar la efectividad de distintas metodologías de clasificación, evaluando la precisión del método de inteligencia artificial Bosques Aleatorios usando imágenes del satélite Sentinel-2. Los resultados del estudio incluyen el preprocesamiento de imágenes satelitales, el cálculo de índices espectrales NDVI y RESI, y la clasificación supervisada de las imágenes de Sentinel-2 utilizando los métodos de Máxima Verosimilitud y Bosques Aleatorios. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos detallados, incluyendo la validación de resultados mediante matrices de confusión y el cálculo del coeficiente Kappa. En conclusión, el manuscrito ofrece una comprensión profunda de cómo la teledetección y la inteligencia artificial pueden ayudar en la detección y clasificación de cultivos en áreas específicas, contribuyendo a la gestión agrícola y la planificación territorial sostenible.
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